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text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt\"><span style=\"font-family:\u7b49\u7ebf\"><span style=\"font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\">\u57fa\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u68c0\u67e5\u79d1\u7814\u4e0d\u7aef\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u7c97\u6d45\u5730\u6574\u7406\u5982\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f9b\u4f60\u53c2\u8003\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0cm; text-align:justify\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"ListParagraphCxSpFirst\" style=\"margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:0cm\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:106%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\">\u68c0\u67e5\u8bba\u6587\u662f\u5426\u5907\u9f50\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u5e38\u89c4\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u5982\u76ee\u6807\u671f\u520a\u8981\u6c42\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u58f0\u660e\u3001\u57fa\u91d1\u6765\u6e90\u58f0\u660e\u3001\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u58f0\u660e\u7b49\uff1b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"ListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:0cm\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:106%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\">\u68c0\u67e5\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5426\u7ecf\u76f8\u5173\u673a\u6784\u7684\u5ba1\u67e5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5ba1\u6279\uff1b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"ListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:0cm\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:106%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\">\u68c0\u67e5\u56fe\u7247\u662f\u5426\u6709\u88ab\u7be1\u6539\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\uff0c\u53ef\u8981\u6c42\u4f5c\u8005\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u7591\u7684\u6216\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u4e4b\u5904\u4f5c\u51fa\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u70b9\u51fb\u6b64\u5904\u67e5\u770b\u4e13\u9898\u6587\u7ae0\u4e4b\u5982\u4f55\u8bc6\u522b\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u56fe\u7247\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"ListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:0cm\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:106%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\">\u8003\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u5373\u8bc4\u4f30\u6570\u636e\u4fe1\u6e90\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\uff1b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"ListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:0cm\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:106%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\">\u68c0\u67e5\u884c\u6587\u3002\u5199\u4f5c\u98ce\u683c\u6216\u8bed\u8a00\u8d28\u91cf\u7a81\u53d8\u90fd\u662f\u9700\u8981\u8b66\u60d5\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6362\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u8005\u6267\u7b14\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5c06\u53ef\u7591\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u590d\u5236\u7c98\u8d34\u540e\u4e0a\u7f51\u641c\u7d22\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u8bc6\u522b\u6284\u88ad\uff0c\u5c0f\u5fc3\u9a76\u5f97\u4e07\u5e74\u8239\uff1b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"ListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:0cm\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:106%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-family:\u5b8b\u4f53\">\u68c0\u67e5\u88ab\u5ba1\u7a3f\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u5927\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u5176\u4f5c\u8005\u6b64\u524d\u53d1\u8868\u8fc7\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u662f\u5faa\u73af\u5229\u7528\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5219\u6709\u91cd\u590d\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u5acc\u7591\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"ListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36pt\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"ListParagraphCxSpLast\" style=\"margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:8pt; margin-left:36pt\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0cm; text-align:justify\"><span style=\"font-size:10.5pt\"><span style=\"font-family:\u7b49\u7ebf\"><b>\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Bibliography\" style=\"margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:19.2pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Shema, H. The Birth of Modern Peer Review. <i>Scientific American Blog Network<\/i> https:\/\/blogs.scientificamerican.com\/information-culture\/the-birth-of-modern-peer-review\/ (2014).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Bibliography\" style=\"margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:19.2pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Xie, Y., Wang, K. &amp; Kong, Y. Prevalence of Research Misconduct and Questionable Research Practices: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. <i>Sci. Eng. Ethics<\/i> <b>27<\/b>, (2021).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Bibliography\" style=\"margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:19.2pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 National Academies of Sciences, E., Affairs, P. and G., Committee on Science, E. &amp; Science, C. on R. <i>Understanding the Causes<\/i>. <i>Fostering Integrity in Research<\/i> (National Academies Press (US), 2017).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Bibliography\" style=\"margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:19.2pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Physicist found guilty of misconduct. <i>Nature<\/i> (2002) doi:10.1038\/news020923-9.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Bibliography\" style=\"margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:19.2pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Potential fabrication in research images threatens key theory of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. https:\/\/www.science.org\/content\/article\/potential-fabrication-research-images-threatens-key-theory-alzheimers-disease.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Bibliography\" style=\"margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:19.2pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tuskegee Study &#8211; Timeline &#8211; CDC &#8211; NCHHSTP. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/tuskegee\/timeline.htm (2021).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Bibliography\" style=\"margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:19.2pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">7.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Harry Harlow: Monkey Love Experiments &#8211; Simply Psychology. https:\/\/www.simplypsychology.org\/harlow-monkey.html.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Bibliography\" style=\"margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:19.2pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">8.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Adame, F. Meaningful collaborations can end \u2018helicopter research\u2019. <i>Nature<\/i> (2021) doi:10.1038\/d41586-021-01795-1.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Bibliography\" style=\"margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:19.2pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">9.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Perron, A. B. E., Hiltz-Perron, O. T. &amp; Victor, B. G. Revealed: The inner workings of a paper mill. <i>Retraction Watch<\/i> https:\/\/retractionwatch.com\/2021\/12\/20\/revealed-the-inner-workings-of-a-paper-mill\/ (2021).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Bibliography\" style=\"margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:19.2pt\"><span style=\"font-size:11pt\"><span style=\"line-height:200%\"><span style=\"font-family:Calibri,sans-serif\">10.\u00a0\u00a0 Abalkina, A. Publication and collaboration anomalies in academic papers originating from a paper mill: evidence from a Russia-based paper mill. at https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2112.13322 (2022).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u662f\u5426\u7ecf\u8fc7\u540c\u884c\u8bc4\u8bae\u5df2\u662f\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u5224\u5b9a\u79d1\u7814\u4fe1\u5ea6\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u5b66\u672f\u671f\u520a\u5df2\u6709\u6570\u767e\u5e74\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u800c\u540c\u884c\u8bc4\u5ba1\u4ece\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bb2\u4e5f\u65e9\u572817 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