{"id":39719,"date":"2016-11-14T07:30:10","date_gmt":"2016-11-14T02:00:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.editage.cn\/insights\/%e6%88%91%e7%9a%84%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6%e9%87%8d%e8%a6%81%e5%90%97%ef%bc%9f%e4%b8%ba%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%e4%bd%a0%e4%b8%8d%e5%ba%94%e4%be%9d%e9%9d%a0-p-%e5%80%bc"},"modified":"2026-01-07T16:25:01","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T10:55:01","slug":"wo-de-yan-jiu-zhong-yao-ma-wei-shen-me-ni-bu-ying-yi-kao-p-zhi-2697","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.editage.cn\/insights\/wo-de-yan-jiu-zhong-yao-ma-wei-shen-me-ni-bu-ying-yi-kao-p-zhi-2697\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6211\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u91cd\u8981\u5417\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f60\u4e0d\u5e94\u4f9d\u9760 P \u503c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u7814\u7a76\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u88ab\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u9879\u76ee\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u88ab\u8bef\u89e3\u548c\u8bef\u7528\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u6307\u7684\u662f P \u503c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u4f1a<\/a>\u00a0(American Statistical Association, ASA) \u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u300c\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e0a\u663e\u8457\u5dee\u522b\u548c P \u503c\u7684\u5ba3\u8a00<\/a>\u300d (Statement on Statistical Significance and P-Values)\uff0c\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u516d\u4e2a\u6709\u5173\u9002\u5f53\u8fd0\u7528\u548c\u8be0\u91ca P \u503c\u7684\u5b97\u65e8\u3002\u5ba3\u8a00\u7684\u5168\u6587\u53ef\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b ASA \u7684\u5b97\u65e8\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd0\u7528\u5230\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

1. P <\/strong>\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u51fa\u8d44\u6599\u8ddf\u67d0\u4e00\u7edf\u8ba1\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\u5982\u4f55\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5b57\u773c\u662f\u201c\u67d0\u4e00\u201d\u3002\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u7814\u7a76\u6216\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5f53\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u8ba1\u6a21\u578b\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u6839\u636e\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5<\/a>\uff0c0.05 \u7684 P \u503c\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u67d0\u4e00\u5047\u8bbe\u6709 95% \u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u4e3a\u6b63\u786e\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u503c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5982\u679c\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u5176\u4ed6\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u5747\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u4e94\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u83b7\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u65f6\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

2. <\/strong>P \u503c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f30\u7b97\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5047\u8bbe\u4e3a\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u91cf\u5ea6\u6570\u636e\u662f\u968f\u673a\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6982\u7387\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u4eec\u5f88\u5e38\u628a\u5c0f\u7684 p \u503c\u9519\u8bef\u8be0\u91ca\u4e3a\u865a\u5047\u7684\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0cp \u503c\u53ea\u8868\u793a\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u83b7\u5f97\u67d0\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u6982\u7387\u8ddf\u5728\u5047\u8bbe\u4e3a\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e00\u6837\u5927\u3002<\/a><\/p>\n

3. <\/strong>\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e94\u5355\u9760\u67d0\u4e00 p <\/strong>\u503c\u662f\u5426\u8fbe\u5230\u67d0\u4e00\u9619\u503c\u800c\u4f5c\u51fa\u79d1\u5b66\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u6216\u5546\u4e1a\u53ca\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u300cp<.05\u300d\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u67d0\u4e8b\u7269\u4e3a\u771f\u786e\u3002\u8bf4\u5230\u5e95\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a p \u503c\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4e0a\u5929\u8d50\u4e88\u7684\u8baf\u53f7\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a p \u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d7\u5230\u7814\u7a76\u8ba1\u5212\u5f88\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6837\u672c\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6837\u672c\u7279\u522b\u5927\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 p \u503c\u5c31\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u5fc5\u7136\u8fbe\u5230\u663e\u8457\u6027\u7684\u6c34\u5e73<\/a>\uff08\u867d\u7136\u6548\u5e94\u503c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\uff09\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6548\u5e94\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u5355\u9760 p \u503c\u4f5c\u51fa\u5b9e\u9645\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n

4. <\/strong>\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u63a8\u8bba\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u548c\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

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5. <\/strong>\u4e00\u4e2a p <\/strong>\u503c\u6216\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e0a\u7684\u663e\u8457\u6027\u5dee\u5f02\u5e76\u4e0d\u91cf\u5ea6\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u6216\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6709\u4e9b\u4f5c\u8005\u4f1a\u628a p \u503c\u975e\u5e38\u4f4e (<.001) \u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6807\u7b7e\u6210\u300c\u975e\u5e38\u663e\u8457\u5dee\u5f02\u300d\u6216\u300c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u663e\u8457\u5dee\u5f02\u300d\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7684 p \u503c\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u7ed3\u679c\u5e26\u6709\u5b9e\u9645\u6216\u4e34\u5e8a\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u5728\u5973\u751f\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u589e\u52a0\u80fd\u91cf\u996e\u6599\u7684\u996e\u7528\u91cf\u548c\u826f\u597d\u8eab\u6750\u5728\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e0a\u6709\u663e\u8457\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u63aa\u65bd\u53bb\u6d3e\u53d1\u514d\u8d39\u80fd\u91cf\u996e\u6599\u7ed9\u5973\u751f\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5979\u4eec\u6539\u5584\u8eab\u4f53\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u5730\uff0c\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u5ba1\u89c6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u00a0\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u76f8\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\uff0c\u56de\u5f52\u7cfb\u6570\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u5f3a\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u76f8\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u53ea\u6709 0.1\uff09\uff0c\u5f53\u4f60\u8003\u8651\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u8ddf\u8eab\u6750\u5173\u7cfb\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6574\u4f53\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u4fe1\uff0c\u53c2\u52a0\u80a5\u80d6\u8bb2\u5ea7\u7684\u6b21\u6570\uff09\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65ad\u5b9a\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u8003\u8651\u5230\u6574\u4f53\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u4eba\u6570\u591a\u7684\u7ec4\u522b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ec6\u5fae\u5dee\u5f02\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e0a\u6709\u663e\u8457\u6027\u5dee\u5f02\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u800c\u4eba\u6570\u5c11\u7ec4\u522b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5927\u5dee\u5f02\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u663e\u8457\u6027\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/a>\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e00\u4e2a\u6559\u80b2\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ee1\u5206\u4e3a 100 \u5206\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u6d4b\u9a8c\u4e2d\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e86 1.5 \u5206\u4e5f\u8bb8\u8fbe\u5230\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u663e\u8457\u6027\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u7279\u522b\u7684\u76ca\u5904\u3002<\/p>\n

6. <\/strong>\u5c31\u672c\u8eab\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5f53\u5173\u7cfb\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u6216\u5047\u8bbe\u65f6\uff0cp <\/strong>\u503c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u7684\u6307\u6807\u53bb\u91cf\u5ea6\u8bc1\u636e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u79d1\u7814\u4f5c\u8005\u4f5c\u8005\u5e94\u8be5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u53ea\u62a5\u544a p \u503c<\/a>\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7684 p \u503c\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u5047\u8bbe\u4e0d\u771f\u786e\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u7684 p \u503c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u5047\u8bbe\u4e3a\u771f\u786e\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u90fd\u8ddf\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a p \u503c\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u9879\u76ee\u652f\u6301\u88ab\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u6216\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0d\u5e94\u5355\u9760\u53d6\u5f97\u7684 p \u503c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1 p \u503c\u6709\u5176\u7528\u6b66\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u53d8\u5f97\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u6216\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e0a\u7684\u663e\u8457\u6027\u5dee\u5f02\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u5b9e\u8df5\u6216\u4e34\u5e8a\u65b9\u9762\u4ea6\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u7814\u7a76\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u88ab\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u9879\u76ee\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u88ab\u8bef\u89e3\u548c\u8bef\u7528\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u6307\u7684\u662f P \u503c\u3002 \u7f8e\u56fd\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u4f1a\u00a0(Ameri 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