{"id":39700,"date":"2016-12-15T09:10:28","date_gmt":"2016-12-15T03:40:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.editage.cn\/insights\/%e7%a7%91%e7%a0%94%e8%b4%a8%e7%96%91%e6%9c%89%e5%8f%af%e8%83%bd%e4%bc%9a%e4%bc%a4%e5%ae%b3%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6%e5%90%97%ef%bc%9f"},"modified":"2026-01-07T16:23:38","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T10:53:38","slug":"ke-yan-zhi-yi-you-ke-neng-hui-shang-hai-ke-xue-ma-2678","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.editage.cn\/insights\/ke-yan-zhi-yi-you-ke-neng-hui-shang-hai-ke-xue-ma-2678\/","title":{"rendered":"\u79d1\u7814\u8d28\u7591\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f24\u5bb3\u79d1\u5b66\u5417\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u968f\u7740\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u548c\u91cd\u590d\u6027\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u53d7\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u542c\u5230<strong>\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u5df2\u7ecf\u574f\u4e86\u201d<\/strong>\u3001<strong>\u201c\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u8981\u77eb\u6789\u8fc7\u6b63\u201d<\/strong>\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u53d1\u8868\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u548c\u8bda\u4fe1\u5ea6\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6837\u7684\u5021\u8bae\u6765\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79d1\u7814\u8d28\u7591\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6570\u636e\u5171\u4eab\u3001\u53d1\u8868\u540e\u540c\u884c\u8bc4\u5ba1\u548c\u66f4\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u5ba1\u67e5\u63aa\u65bd\u7b49\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u8981\u5faa\u5e8f\u6e10\u8fdb\uff0c\u8d28\u7591\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u79d1\u7814\u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u7ea0\u6b63\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bb0\u5f55\u5c31\u663e\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u5fc5\u8981\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66 (University of Oxford) \u52a8\u7269\u5b66\u6559\u6388 Robert May \u8c08\u5230\u79d1\u7814\u8d28\u7591\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u65f6\u662f\u8fd9\u4e48\u8bf4\u7684\uff1a\u300c<a href=\"https:\/\/rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org\/content\/369\/1956\/4685\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">\u6700\u597d\u628a\u79d1\u5b66\u770b\u6210\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6000\u7591\u8bba\uff1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5e94\u5f53\u662f\u4e00\u8d9f\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u8fc7\u53bb\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u8d28\u7591\u800c\u9020\u6210\u6700\u7ec8\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u65c5\u7a0b\u3002<\/a>\u300d<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u9891\u9891\u8d28\u7591\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53cd\u800c\u4f24\u5bb3\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u300b\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u6587\u7ae0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/news\/research-integrity-don-t-let-transparency-damage-science-1.19219\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">Research integrity: Don&#8217;t let transparency damage science<\/a> \u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005Dorothy Bishop \u548c Stephan Lewandowsky \u5c31\u5c1d\u8bd5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u2014\u2014\u201c\u9a9a\u6270\u8d28\u7591\u201d\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u9047\u5230\u201c\u65e0\u6b62\u5c3d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u8981\u6c42\u548c\u62b1\u6028\u3001\u5728\u7ebf\u9a9a\u6270\u3001\u5931\u771f\u7684\u79d1\u7814\u53d1\u73b0\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u6709\u66b4\u529b\u5a01\u80c1\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u56de\u5e94\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6ca1\u5b8c\u6ca1\u4e86\u7684\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u8981\u6c42\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8ba9\u79d1\u7814\u4eba\u5458\u4ece\u539f\u672c\u8be5\u4e13\u6ce8\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e0a\u5206\u5fc3\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4e24\u4f4d\u90fd\u8868\u793a\u5f00\u653e\u6027\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u79d1\u7814\u4eba\u5458\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u5c5e\u5355\u4f4d\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u8fa8\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba\u548c\u201c\u4f2a\u88c5\u6210\u79d1\u7814\u8d28\u7591\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u201d\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u5927\u5bb6\u770b\u5230\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u53d7\u5230\u4f2a\u88c5\u6210\u5408\u6cd5\u79d1\u5b66\u8d28\u7591\u7684\u9a9a\u6270\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u4e94\u4e2a\u201c\u53cc\u5411\u201d\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u7d22\u6c42\u3001\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u53d1\u5e03\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u81ea\u7531\u8981\u6c42\u3001\u64a4\u7a3f\u8981\u6c42\u8fd8\u6709\u5411\u9ad8\u6821\u6295\u8bc9\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u8fd8\u6709\u79d1\u7814\u754c\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u4fdd\u62a4\u79d1\u7814\u4eba\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c31 Bishop \u548c Lewodowsky \u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u7d22\u6c42\u662f\u4fb5\u72af\u79d1\u7814\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7d22\u6c42\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7528\u610f\u662f\u201c\u627e\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u7ffb\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u60f3\u770b\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u201d\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u8425\u9020\u51fa\u201c\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5370\u8c61\u201d\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u4e5f\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u79d1\u7814\u4eba\u5458\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u5206\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u4f1a\u72b9\u8c6b\u4e0d\u51b3\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u7528\u610f\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u201c\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u6311\u9009\u6570\u636e\u6765\u6253\u51fb\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u8bba\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u505a\u6cd5\u906d\u5230\u8bb8\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4e25\u91cd\u6279\u8bc4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u82f1\u56fd\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66 (University of Cambridge) \u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7cfb\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5bb6 Nicole Janz \u8ba4\u4e3a Bishop \u548c Lewondowsky \u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u8ddf\u300a\u65b0\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u533b\u5b66\u6742\u5fd7\u300b(New England Journal of Medicine) \u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u793e\u8bba\u770b\u6cd5\u6070\u6070\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u8be5\u793e\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u300c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMe1516564\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">\u4e00\u7ebf\u7684\u79d1\u7814\u4eba\u5458\u662f\u5f88\u56f0\u60d1\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u62c5\u5fc3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f53\u7cfb\u4f1a\u88ab\u67d0\u4e9b\u8d34\u4e0a\u201c\u7814\u7a76\u5bc4\u751f\u866b\u201d(research parasites) \u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5360\u636e\u3002<\/a>\u300d\u5979\u4e5f\u8d28\u7591\u662f\u5426\u6240\u6709\u4e3a\u4e86\u8981\u91cd\u590d\u7814\u7a76\u800c\u8981\u6c42\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u90fd\u8be5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u8bc1\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u65e0\u610f\u9a9a\u6270\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u3002\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cfanclimate.com\/\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">Climate Forecast Applications Network (CFAN)<\/a> \u6559\u6388\u517c\u5171\u540c\u521b\u529e\u4eba Judith Curry \u9644\u548c\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u5bf9 Judith Curry \u6765\u8bf4\uff0cBishop \u548c Lewandowsky \u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0e\u9ed8\u987f\u7684\u56db\u9879\u539f\u5219\u76f8\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u5373<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u516c\u6709\u6027<\/strong>\uff08communalism\uff09\u2014\u2014\u62e5\u6709\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6743\u5229\u53d6\u5f97\u79d1\u7814\u6210\u679c\uff1b<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u666e\u904d\u4e3b\u4e49<\/strong> (universalism)\uff1b<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u65e0\u79c1\u5229\u6027<\/strong>\uff08disinterestedness\uff09\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4eba\u79c1\u5229\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u79d1\u7814\u5927\u4f17\u5229\u76ca\u884c\u52a8\uff1b<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49<\/strong>\uff08organized skepticism\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5728\u79d1\u7814\u8bf4\u6cd5\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u524d\u63a5\u53d7\u4e25\u683c\u5ba1\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5979\u8ba4\u4e3a\u79d1\u7814\u4eba\u5458\u5e94\u4fdd\u6301\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u900f\u660e\uff0c\u5c06\u6709\u4eba\u8981\u6c42\u6570\u636e\u6216\u662f\u63d0\u51fa\u6279\u8bc4\u5f53\u4f5c\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u9762\u4e34\u5176\u4ed6\u540c\u884c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e0d\u5f53\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u6570\u636e\u7d22\u6c42\u3001\u5355\u4f4d\u6295\u8bc9\u6216\u64a4\u7a3f\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6ca1\u529e\u6cd5\u8bc1\u5b9e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8981\u6c42\u6216\u6279\u8bc4\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u522b\u6709\u7528\u5fc3\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u79d1\u7814\u900f\u660e\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u5b66\u672f\u4eba\u5458\u4e0d\u53d7\u4e0d\u5f53\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u548c\u53cd\u5bf9\u5c31\u50cf\u8d70\u94a2\u7d22\u4e00\u822c\u6b65\u6b65\u60ca\u5fc3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u79d1\u7814\u7684\u53d1\u8868\u6587\u7ae0\u662f\u201c\u6d3b\u6587\u6863\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5c31\u8be5\u516c\u5f00\u6570\u636e\u7ed9\u5927\u4f17\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u522b\u4eba\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f5c\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6709\u4eba\u5bf9\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u51fa\u5f02\u8bae\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u7684\u6307\u5f15\uff0c\u4f46\u79d1\u5b66\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u51b3\u5b9a\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u548c\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u5b70\u5bf9\u5b70\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u5728\u79d1\u7814\u4e00\u7ebf\u7684\u4f60\u6765\u8c08\u8c08\u770b\u6cd5\u5427\uff0c\u79d1\u7814\u4eba\u5458\u9700\u8981\u6240\u5c5e\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u5417\uff1f\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u662f\u5426\u8981\u5c0f\u5fc3\u6570\u636e\u8981\u6c42\uff1f\u4f60\u4f1a\u600e\u4e48\u5206\u8fa8\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u6076\u610f\u6307\u63a7\uff1f\u6b22\u8fce\u5728\u4e0b\u65b9\u7559\u8a00\u8bc4\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u610f\u5f97\u8f91\u4e13\u5bb6\u89c6\u70b9\u76f8\u5173\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.editage.cn\/insights\/irreproducibility-the-soft-underbelly-of-science\" target=\"_blank\">\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u77ed\u677f\uff1a\u4e0d\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u6027<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u968f\u7740\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u548c\u91cd\u590d\u6027\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u53d7\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u542c\u5230\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u5df2\u7ecf\u574f\u4e86\u201d\u3001\u201c\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u8981\u77eb\u6789\u8fc7\u6b63\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u6240 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