{"id":39617,"date":"2016-07-11T08:13:11","date_gmt":"2016-07-11T02:43:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.editage.cn\/insights\/%e4%b8%93%e5%88%a9%e6%b5%81%e6%b0%93%e6%98%af%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%ef%bc%9f%e4%bc%9a%e6%80%8e%e4%b9%88%e5%bd%b1%e5%93%8d%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6%e5%88%9b%e6%96%b0%ef%bc%9f"},"modified":"2026-01-07T16:24:23","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T10:54:23","slug":"zhuan-li-liu-mang-shi-shen-me-hui-zen-me-ying-xiang-ke-xue-chuang-xin-2595","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.editage.cn\/insights\/zhuan-li-liu-mang-shi-shen-me-hui-zen-me-ying-xiang-ke-xue-chuang-xin-2595\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4e13\u5229\u6d41\u6c13\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u4f1a\u600e\u4e48\u5f71\u54cd\u79d1\u5b66\u521b\u65b0\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n

\u300aThe risk of patent trolls in the U.S. and in Europe: a sequel to a never ending story<\/a>\u300bAlain Strowel\uff1a
\u300etroll \u662f\u5317\u6b27\u795e\u8bdd\u4e2d\u7684\u5c0f\u6076\u9b54\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f4f\u5728\u6865\u5e95\u4e0b\uff0c\u7ea0\u7f20\u5b89\u5168\u901a\u9053\u7684\u65c5\u5ba2\uff1b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u8fd8\u6709 PAEs\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u6ce8\u5165\u8d44\u91d1\u540e\u7a81\u7136\u63a5\u624b\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5f15\u4eba\u8bdf\u75c5\u3002\u300f<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u63a0\u593a\u6027\u201c\u4e13\u5229\u6d41\u6c13\u201d\uff08patent troll\uff09\u5df2\u7ecf\u56f0\u6270\u79d1\u7814\u521b\u65b0\u597d\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u4e86\uff0c51 \u4f4d\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u5b66\u8005\u60f3\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u9012\u4ea4\u4e86\u540d\u4e3a The Rewards From Effective Reform Could Be Great<\/a> \u7684\u4fe1\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u5728\u8bf4\u4e13\u5229\u6d41\u6c13\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5236\u88c1\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u4e00\u822c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4e13\u5229\u7ef4\u6743\u5355\u4f4d\u201d(patent assertion entities, PAE) \u548c\u201c\u975e\u5b9e\u65bd\u5355\u4f4d\u201d(non-practicing entities, NPE) \u7684\u4e13\u5229\u6d41\u6c13\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u62e5\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4e13\u5229\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u63e1\u6709\u4e13\u5229\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6253\u7b97\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e13\u5229\u8fdb\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u4ea7\u54c1\u5f00\u53d1\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u4e13\u5229\u6d41\u6c13\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u56fd\u9645\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u822c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e13\u5229\u6d41\u6c13\u7684\u610f\u56fe\u662f\u5229\u7528\u4e13\u5229\u8bc9\u8bbc\u8d5a\u94b1\uff0c\u5a01\u80c1\u5bf9\u8fdd\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528 NPE \u7684\u4e13\u5229\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u63d0\u544a\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4ed6\u4eec\u652f\u4ed8\u9ad8\u989d\u7684\u6388\u6743\u8d39\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4e13\u5229\u6d41\u6c13\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u8981\u5f00\u53d1\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u65b0\u521b\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5931\u8d25\u4e4b\u540e\u53d8\u6210\u4e13\u5229\u6d41\u6c13\uff0c\u6bd5\u7adf\u5411\u5927\u516c\u53f8\u7d22\u53d6\u6388\u6743\u8d39\u6bd4\u8f83\u6709\u5229\u53ef\u56fe\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u4e13\u5229\u6d41\u6c13\u5219\u662f\u4ece\u5373\u5c06\u7834\u9664\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u53d6\u5f97\u4e13\u5229\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5a01\u80c1\u5927\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5bf9\u5927\u516c\u53f8\u63d0\u51fa\u8bc9\u8bbc\uff0c\u5ba3\u79f0\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e13\u5229\u53d7\u5230\u4fb5\u6743\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d41\u6c13\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u662f\u8d2d\u4e70\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u6b21\u9501\u5b9a\u591a\u95f4\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4e13\u5229\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u6709\u591a\u6b21\u4fb5\u6743\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u80dc\u8bc9\u673a\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u652f\u4ed8\u9ad8\u989d\u7684\u4fb5\u6743\u8d39\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5927\u516c\u53f8\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u5ead\u5916\u548c\u89e3\uff0c\u4e0d\u613f\u652f\u4ed8\u4fb5\u6743\u8d39\u3002NPE \u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5927\u516c\u53f8\u6765\u52bf\u6c79\u6c79\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a NPE \u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u7a7a\u58f3\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8d25\u8bc9\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u635f\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e13\u5229\u6d41\u6c13\u662f\u5168\u7403\u90fd\u6709\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5bf9\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f71\u54cd\u5de8\u5927\u3002\u5148\u524d\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8868\u793a\uff0c2012 \u5e74 NPE \u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e13\u5229\u8bc9\u8bbc\u6570\u91cf\u5360\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e13\u5229\u8bc9\u8bbc\u7684 63%\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8bc9\u8bbc\u3001\u548c\u89e3\u3001\u5f00\u5ead\u8d39\u7528\u4f30\u8ba1\u6709 122 \u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143<\/a>\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u6848\u4f8b\u9664\u4e86\u4fb5\u6743\u8d39\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u8fd8\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b98\u53f8\u9020\u6210\u4ea7\u54c1\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4e0a\u5e02\u5bfc\u81f4\u8d22\u52a1\u635f\u5931<\/a>\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b98\u53f8\u7ea0\u7eb7\u9020\u6210\u516c\u53f8\u80a1\u4ef7\u4e0b\u8dcc<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5168\u7403\u7684\u4e13\u5229\u6d41\u6c13\u90fd\u5728\u589e\u52a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e13\u5229\u6d41\u6c13\u904d\u5e03\u5168\u7403\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u6076\u5316\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5168\u7403\u4e13\u5229\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u7ec4\u7ec7 (World Intellectual Property Organization) \u8868\u793a\uff0c2012 \u5e74\u7684\u4e13\u5229\u7533\u8bf7\u6210\u957f\u4e86 9.2%\uff0c\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb 18 \u5e74\u6765\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u8bb0\u5f55<\/a>\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u50cf\u7f8e\u56fd<\/a>\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5df2\u5f00\u53d1\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4e13\u5229\u6388\u6743\u6210\u957f\u6700\u5feb\u3002\u6279\u8bc4\u4eba\u58eb\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u521b\u65b0\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u597d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e13\u5229\u6388\u6743\u5c40\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u592a\u4f4e<\/a>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f88\u591a\u83b7\u5f97\u6388\u6743\u7684\u4e13\u5229\u7c7b\u578b\u975e\u5e38\u5e7f\u800c\u4e14\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u8fd9\u8ba9\u4e13\u5229\u6d41\u6c13\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u9501\u5b9a\u591a\u5bb6\u4fb5\u6743\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u5bf9\u4e13\u5229\u6d41\u6c13\u59a5\u534f\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u5f88\u96be\u5224\u65ad\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6709\u89e6\u72af\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5927\u5b66\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u975e\u5b9e\u65bd\u5355\u4f4d\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u5728\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5927\u5b66\u8ddf NPE \u6ca1\u6709\u4e24\u6837\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7533\u8bf7\u4e13\u5229\u53d1\u660e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5f00\u53d1\u4ea7\u54c1<\/a>\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4e13\u5229\u505a\u4e3a\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u5fc5\u987b\u4ed8\u8d39\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5927\u5b66\u5206\u5f00\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5b66\u672f\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u5927\u4f17\u798f\u5229\uff0c\u4e0d\u50cf\u771f\u7684\u4e13\u5229\u6d41\u6c13\u53ea\u662f\u62ff\u4e86\u4e13\u5229\u8981\u5438\u8840\u3002\u4e89\u8bae\u7126\u70b9\u653e\u5728\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u6709\u4e9b\u5927\u5b66\u8ddf\u516c\u53f8\u8c08\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u8d5a\u53d6\u6388\u6743\u8d39\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5927\u5b66\u4f1a\u662f\u4e13\u5229\u6539\u9769\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u9488\u5bf9\u4e13\u5229\u6d41\u6c13\u7684\u6cd5\u89c4\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u5728\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u5728\u5236\u5b9a\u4e13\u5229\u6d41\u6c13\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u6cd5\u89c4\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u76f8\u5173\u4fdd\u62a4\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7834\u89e3\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4e13\u5229\u6d41\u6c13\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8981\u5236\u5b9a\u51fa\u80fd\u6253\u51fb\u4e13\u5229\u6d41\u6c13\u7684\u6cd5\u89c4\u5bf9\u76f8\u5173\u4eba\u58eb\u6765\u8bf4\u5f88\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8981\u963b\u6b62\u7532\u65b9\u63d0\u51fa\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u8bc9\u8bbc\uff0c\u53c8\u8981\u4fdd\u62a4\u771f\u7684\u4e13\u5229\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u53ca\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u8d1d\u62c9\u514b\u00b7\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u7684\u884c\u653f\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c06\u6253\u51fb\u4e13\u5229\u6d41\u6c13\u5217\u4e3a\u91cd\u70b9\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u4f17\u8bae\u9662\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728 2013 \u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u300a\u521b\u65b0\u6cd5\u6848\u300b(Innovation Act)<\/a>\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u89c4\u5236\u5b9a\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u7acb\u6cd5\u53ea\u597d\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u90fd\u540c\u610f\u5927\u5e45\u4fee\u6539\u4e13\u5229\u6388\u4e88\u89c4\u5219\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u963b\u6b62\u4e13\u5229\u6d41\u6c13\u6cdb\u6ee5\u30022015 \u5e74 6 \u6708 2 \u65e5\u5c31\u6709\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u53c2\u8bae\u9662\u53f8\u6cd5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4f1a\u8003\u8651\u7528\u4e13\u5229\u6cd5\u6848\u66ff\u4ee3\u521b\u65b0\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u80fd\u201c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e13\u5229\u5546\u6807\u5c40 (United States Patent and Trademark Office, USPTO) \u4e13\u5229\u7533\u8bc9\u548c\u4ecb\u5165\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a (Patent Trial and Appeals Board, PTAB) \u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6539\u9769<\/a>\u201d\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4e13\u5229\u5728\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7f1c\u5bc6\u7684\u8003\u91cf\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u6388\u4e88\uff0c\u963b\u6b62\u4e13\u5229\u592a\u8fc7\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4e00\u822c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6839\u6e90\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e13\u5229\u6d41\u6c13\u5bf9\u521b\u65b0\u6709\u8d21\u732e\u5417\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7528\u6cd5\u89c4\u7275\u5236\u6240\u6709\u4e13\u5229\u6d41\u6c13\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u5931\u8861\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e13\u5229\u6d41\u6c13\u80cc\u8d1f\u4e86\u963b\u788d\u79d1\u7814\u8fdb\u6b65\u3001\u9020\u6210\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d1f\u62c5\u7684\u7f6a\u540d\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4e13\u5bb6\u76f8\u4fe1 NPE \u5bf9\u521b\u65b0\u662f\u6709\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u3002\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u6559\u6388Stephen Haber \u5c31\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0cPAE \u5728\u79c1\u4eba\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u8ddf\u5927\u578b\u5236\u9020\u5546\u95f4\u626e\u6f14\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u89d2\u8272<\/a>\u3002\u767d\u5bab\u7684\u62a5\u544a<\/a>\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u8fd9\u9879\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff1a\u6709\u4e9b\u6301\u6709\u4e13\u5229\u4f46\u4e0d\u5f00\u653e\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u521b\u65b0\u751f\u6001\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u8fde\u7ed3\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u548c\u5236\u9020\u5546\uff0c\u8ba9\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u4e13\u6ce8\u505a\u81ea\u5df1\u64c5\u957f\u7684\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e13\u5229\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u79d1\u7814\u8fdb\u6b65\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u963b\u6b62\u4e13\u5229\u6ee5\u7528\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u53d1\u5c55\u65b0\u7684\u4e13\u5229\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u4e13\u5229\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6709\u591a\u5e7f\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4e13\u5229\u4e0d\u8981\u963b\u788d\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u6210\u957f\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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