{"id":39592,"date":"2016-04-22T12:51:52","date_gmt":"2016-04-22T07:21:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.editage.cn\/insights\/%e7%be%8e%e5%9b%bd%e5%8d%9a%e5%a3%ab%e5%b0%b1%e4%b8%9a%e9%80%89%e6%8b%a9%e8%b0%83%e6%9f%a5%e6%a6%82%e8%a6%81"},"modified":"2026-01-07T16:23:49","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T10:53:49","slug":"mei-guo-bo-shi-jiu-ye-xuan-ze-diao-cha-gai-yao-2569","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.editage.cn\/insights\/mei-guo-bo-shi-jiu-ye-xuan-ze-diao-cha-gai-yao-2569\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7f8e\u56fd\u535a\u58eb\u5c31\u4e1a\u9009\u62e9\u8c03\u67e5\u6982\u8981"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u7f8e\u56fd\u662f\u5168\u7403\u6700\u5927\u7684\u79d1\u7814\u5c31\u4e1a\u5e02\u573a\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5bf9\u5bfb\u6c42\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\u5177\u6709\u6781\u5927\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u3002\u8fc7\u53bb\u5341\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u63d0\u9ad8\u8bb8\u591a\uff0c\u8ba9\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u4eba\u5458\u597d\u5947\u5f71\u54cd\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5c31\u4e1a\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\uff08National Science Foundation\uff0cNSF\uff09\u6700\u8fd1\u516c\u5e03\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nsf.gov\/statistics\/2015\/nsf15302\/nsf15302.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">\u62a5\u544a<\/a>\uff0c\u900f\u9732\u51fa\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u6c11\u62e5\u6709\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u5de5\u7a0b\u548c\u5065\u5eb7\u9886\u57df\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u7684\u4eba\u6570\uff0c\u62a5\u544a\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u8ffd\u8e2a\u4e86\u6bd5\u4e1a\u540e\u60f3\u7559\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u6709\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u505a\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u60c5\u51b5\u5982\u4f55\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c31\u6765\u770b\u770b\u8c03\u67e5\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u7814\u5c31\u4e1a\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u73b0\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8c03\u67e5\u8303\u56f4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>NSF \u8c03\u67e5\u5728 2001 \u81f3 2009 \u5b66\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u535a\u58eb\u6bd5\u4e1a\u751f\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4f4f\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\uff08\u6837\u672c\u91cf 6085\uff09\u3001\u4f4f\u5728\u56fd\u5916\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\uff08\u6837\u672c\u91cf 315\uff09\u3001\u4f4f\u5728\u56fd\u5916\u7684\u6682\u65f6\u7b7e\u8bc1\u6301\u6709\u4eba\uff08\u6837\u672c\u91cf 2123\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f4f\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5916\u7c4d\u535a\u58eb\u751f\uff08\u6837\u672c\u91cf 207\uff09\u3002\u8c03\u67e5\u5185\u5bb9\u5305\u542b\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u7ed3\u679c\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u60c5\u51b5\u3001\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6027\u8d28\u4e0e\u5de5\u4f5c\u6ee1\u610f\u5ea6\u7684\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u4e1a\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8c03\u67e5\u53d1\u73b0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u62a5\u544a\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u5c31\u4e1a\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u5728\u6682\u65f6\u7b7e\u8bc1\u6301\u6709\u4eba\u7fa4\u7ec4\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u7fa4\u7ec4\u95f4\u6709\u663e\u8457\u7684\u5dee\u522b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5176\u4ed6\u7ec4\u4e5f\u7565\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u5de5\u4f5c\u6ee1\u610f\u5ea6\u548c\u516c\u53f8\u798f\u5229\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. \u9884\u8ba1\u505c\u7559\u7387<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u9884\u8ba1\u505c\u7559\u7387\uff08expected stay rate\uff09\u610f\u6307\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u60f3\u8981\u4f4f\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6bd4\u7387\uff0c\u800c\u5b9e\u9645\u505c\u7559\u7387\uff08actual stay rate\uff09\u5219\u662f\u6700\u540e\u7559\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6bd4\u7387\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6bd4\u7387\u968f\u7740\u6bd5\u4e1a\u65f6\u95f4\u8fc7\u53bb\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u30022001 \u81f3 2009 \u5e74\u95f4\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u6bd5\u4e1a\u751f\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u4eba\u4e2d\u6709 96.4% \u60f3\u8981\u7559\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u5728 2010 \u5e74\uff0c\u6709 96.2% \u4f4f\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u505c\u7559\u7387\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5f88\u5e73\u5747\uff0c\u4f46\u603b\u6570\u662f\u6839\u636e\u5176\u4ed6\u8981\u7d20\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u7684\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u663e\u793a\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u5728\u6301\u6709\u6682\u65f6\u7b7e\u8bc1\u7684\u6240\u6709\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u4e2d\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u505c\u7559\u7387\u662f 76.4%\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u7740\u6bd5\u4e1a\u65f6\u95f4\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u505c\u7559\u7387\u4e5f\u8ddf\u7740\u6539\u53d8\uff0c2010 \u5e74\uff0c\u53ea\u6709 68.5% \u8fd8\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u5316\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u80cc\u540e\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u5c31\u4e1a\u559c\u597d\u3001\u673a\u4f1a\u8fd8\u6709\u5de5\u4f5c\u6ee1\u610f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. \u5c31\u4e1a\u559c\u597d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u559c\u597d\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u8ddf\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u4ee5\u53ca\u9886\u57df\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f71\u54cd\u4ed6\u4eec\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f4f\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u3002\u6839\u636e NSF \u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u4f4f\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u535a\u58eb\u751f\uff0c\u4f4f\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u4ee5\u53ca\u6682\u65f6\u7b7e\u8bc1\u6301\u6709\u4eba\u6bd4\u8f83\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5230\u79c1\u4eba\u7684\u8425\u5229\u516c\u53f8\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u662f\uff0c\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u6682\u65f6\u7b7e\u8bc1\u6301\u6709\u4eba\u6700\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5728 R&amp;D \u5de5\u4f5c\uff0867.5%\uff09\uff0c\u4f4f\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u662f\u6700\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5728 R&amp;D \u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4e00\u7fa4\uff0847.4%\uff09\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u9886\u57df\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u559c\u597d\uff0c\u5de5\u7a0b\u9886\u57df\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6682\u65f6\u7b7e\u8bc1\u6301\u6709\u8005\u6bd4\u4f4f\u5728\u56fd\u5916\u7684\u4eba\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5230\u79c1\u4eba\u8425\u5229\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0e\u6570\u5b66\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u9886\u57df\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6682\u65f6\u7b7e\u8bc1\u6301\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u56fd\u5916\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6bd4\u5f85\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4eba\u591a\u3002\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u6709\u62e5\u6709\u5168\u804c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709 15.9% \u505a\u7684\u662f\u535a\u58eb\u540e\u804c\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. \u5de5\u4f5c\u6ee1\u610f\u5ea6<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e 9 \u4e2a\u9762\u5411\u56de\u7b54\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6ee1\u610f\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1a\u85aa\u8d44\u3001\u798f\u5229\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u4fdd\u969c\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u5730\u70b9\u3001\u5347\u804c\u673a\u4f1a\u3001\u667a\u6167\u6311\u6218\u3001\u8d23\u4efb\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3001\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u4f4f\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6682\u65f6\u7b7e\u8bc1\u6301\u6709\u4eba\u6700\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u5b9a\u5c45\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u56fd\u5916\u7684\u4eba\u5219\u662f\u6700\u6ee1\u610f\u81ea\u5df1\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f 48.3% \u548c 51.9%\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u4e24\u7fa4\u6682\u65f6\u7b7e\u8bc1\u6301\u6709\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f4f\u5728\u56fd\u5916\u7684\u4eba\u6bd4\u8f83\u591a\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f5c\u798f\u5229\u611f\u5230\u975e\u5e38\u6ee1\u610f\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u85aa\u8d44\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u4fdd\u969c\u3001\u5730\u70b9\u8fd8\u6709\u5347\u804c\u673a\u4f1a\u6709\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5728\u975e\u5b66\u672f\u5708\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4eba\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u667a\u6167\u6311\u6218\u548c\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u85aa\u8d44\u975e\u5e38\u6ee1\u610f\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u79c1\u4eba\u4f01\u4e1a\u8fd8\u6709\u653f\u5e9c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u5708\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0a\u627f\u62c5\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. \u5de5\u4f5c\u798f\u5229<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5206\u6790\u6bd4\u8f83\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4\u6536\u5230\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u798f\u5229\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u5065\u5eb7\u4fdd\u9669\u3001\u96c7\u4e3b\u8d1f\u62c5\u591a\u5c11\u517b\u8001\u91d1\u6216\u9000\u4f11\u91d1\u3001\u516c\u53f8\u5229\u6da6\u5206\u4eab\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e74\u5047\u6216\u75c5\u5047\u5929\u6570\u3002\u4f4f\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u3001\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6682\u65f6\u7b7e\u8bc1\u6301\u6709\u4eba\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u6bd4\u8f83\u591a\u5177\u6709\u516c\u53f8\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u4fdd\u9669\u3002\u5206\u6790\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u8fd1\u4e00\u5e74\u6765\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e13\u4e1a\u56fd\u9645\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6682\u65f6\u7b7e\u8bc1\u6301\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u51fa\u5e2d\u7387\u6700\u4f4e\uff0864.8%\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4f4f\u5728\u56fd\u5916\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u51fa\u5e2d\u7387\u6700\u9ad8\uff0881.5%\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>5. 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