\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u80fd\u8c08\u8c08\u4f60\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5417\uff1f\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6fc0\u53d1\u4e86\u4f60\u5bf9\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7ec6\u80de\u5468\u671f\u63a7\u5236\u9886\u57df\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\u6211\u60f3\u4ece\u6211\u6709\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u4e00\u76f4\u60f3\u5f53\u4e00\u540d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f46\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u5076\u7136\uff01\u5728 11 \u5c81\u8fd8\u662f 12 \u5c81\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5427\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u751f\u7269\u8003\u8bd5\u6210\u7ee9\u5f88\u597d\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u5728\u5168\u6821\u6392\u540d\u7b2c 13 \u6216 14\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u64c5\u957f\u751f\u7269\u5b66\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7279\u522b\u559c\u6b22\u6216\u4eab\u53d7\u5b83\u3002\u6211\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u771f\u7684\u5f88\u60f3\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u6216\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u559c\u6b22\u6446\u5f04\u65e7\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u3001\u7ec4\u88c5\u4e1c\u897f\u4ec0\u4e48\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0d\u592a\u64c5\u957f\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u64c5\u957f\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u4e8b\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u6211\u804c\u4e1a\u751f\u6daf\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u53ea\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u8fde\u4e32\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6837\u8003\u8bd5\u800c\u5df2\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6fc0\u52b1\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u6709\u597d\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u3002\u6211\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u8001\u5e08\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u516d\u5e74\u7ea7\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u628a\u5316\u5b66\u6559\u5f97\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5728 50 \u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u671f\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5b66\u4e60\u751f\u7269\u548c\/\u6216\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u3002\u6211\u8fd8\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u540c\u5b66\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6210\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u60f3\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u201c\u70ed\u70b9\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5927\u6982\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u201d\u5c31\u8981\u5d1b\u8d77\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e\u6211\u548c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u540c\u5b66\u53bb\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u5251\u6865\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u559c\u6b22\u90a3\u91cc\uff01\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6709\u4e2a\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u8bb8\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u8865\u5145\u6211\u7684\u65e0\u810a\u690e\u52a8\u7269\u5b66\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u751f\u7269\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u4ed6\u4eec\u9047\u5230\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u6311\u6218\u3002\u62ff\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u8ddf\u6606\u866b\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u6216\u8717\u725b\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u6bd4\u8f83\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u8da3\uff01\u90a3\u5802\u8bfe\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\uff08\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u5802\u8bfe\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8001\u5e08\u4e5f\u6559\u8fc7 Jonathan Miller\u3002\u987a\u4fbf\u8bf4\u4e00\u53e5\uff0c\u6211\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u9047\u5230 Miller \u8fd8\u804a\u4e86\u8d77\u6765\u3002Miller \u8fd8\u6a21\u4eff\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8001\u5e08\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u8001\u5e08\u8bf4\u8bdd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u522b\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u3002\u771f\u662f\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u65f6\u5149\u554a\uff01\uff09<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u52a8\u7269\u5b66\u5546\u8c08\u65f6\uff0c\u88ab\u95ee\u5230\u5927\u5b66\u540e\u8981\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e09\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5bb3\u7f9e\u5730\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u54e6\uff0c\u8001\u5e08\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u613f\u610f\u505a\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u300d\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u65f6\u771f\u7684\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u7814\u7a76\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u89c9\u5f97\u90a3\u633a\u6d6a\u6f2b\u7684\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u62c5\u5fc3\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u6709\u804c\u4e1a\u751f\u6daf\u53ef\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u8239\u5230\u6865\u5934\u81ea\u7136\u76f4\uff0c\u800c\u6700\u540e\u4e5f\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u522b\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eca\u5929\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u66f4\u62c5\u5fc3\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u6709\u79d1\u7814\u751f\u6daf\uff0c\u800c\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u79cd\u91ce\u5fc3\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u5219\u4e0d\u6b62\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f60\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u5f00\u59cb\u7ec6\u80de\u5468\u671f\u7814\u7a76\u7684\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\u6211\u60f3\uff0c\u6211\u79d1\u7814\u751f\u6daf\u662f\u4e00\u8fde\u4e32\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u3002<\/p>\n
\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u5bf9\u6211\u548c\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e2a\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u8fd8\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5c1a\u672a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u6211\u6210\u4e3a\u7ec6\u80de\u5468\u671f\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u5ea6\u8fc7\u5f88\u957f\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u56de\u5934\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u6211\u5f53\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u60f3\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u4f1a\u8e0f\u5165\u7ec6\u80de\u5468\u671f\u7814\u7a76\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002\u5728\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u505a\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u90a3\u51e0\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u7ec6\u80de\u5468\u671f\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff01<\/p>\n
\u6211\u7684\u65e0\u77e5\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7eed\u5230\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u505a\u6d77\u80c6\u5375\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u624d\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u5b83\u4eec\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5206\u5f00\u7684\u3002\u5927\u7ea6\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6211\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u7531\u4f2f\u514b\u5229\u6559\u6388 John Gerhart \u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ed6\u8c08\u5230\u4e86 \u201cMPF\u201d\u6216\u7ec6\u80de\u6210\u719f\u4fc3\u8fdb\u56e0\u5b50\uff08Maturation Promoting Factor\uff09\u8fd9\u4e2a\u795e\u5947\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0cMPF \u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u541e\u566c\u7ec6\u80de\u54cd\u5e94\u5b55\u916e\u719f\u6210\u65f6\u3002Gerhart \u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u663e\u793a\u8fd9\u662f\u7ec6\u80de\u5468\u671f\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8c03\u8282\u56e0\u5b50\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002MPF\u5f88\u96be\u51c0\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4ecd\u7136\u60f3\u8bd5\u8bd5\u770b\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u6211\u4ece\u672a\u51c0\u5316\u8fc7\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u6d77\u80c6\u7814\u7a76\u548c Gerhart \u7684\u8bb2\u5ea7\u6fc0\u53d1\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u601d\u8003\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u3002<\/p>\n
\u67d0\u4e2a\u590f\u5929\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u4f0d\u5179\u970d\u5c14\u6d77\u6d0b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution\uff0cWHOI\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u60f3\u6d77\u80c6\u662f\u5426\u6709 MPF\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u6d77\u661f\u6709 MPF\uff0c\u90a3\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6d77\u80c6\u6ca1\u6709\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u8bd5\u56fe\u627e\u51fa\u6d77\u80c6\u4e2d\u7684 MPF \u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u592a\u5177\u6311\u6218\u6027\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\u6211\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u5408\u6210\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u91cd\u70b9\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u5468\u671f\u7814\u7a76\u7eaf\u5c5e\u5076\u7136\u5730\u5f15\u8d77\u6211\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u7ec6\u80de\u5468\u671f\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4f60\u66fe\u4ece\u4e8b\u8840\u7ea2\u86cb\u767d\u5408\u6210\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u80fd\u8c08\u8c08\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5417\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8840\u7ea2\u86cb\u767d\u5408\u6210\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e5f\u662f\u5076\u7136\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u3002\u5728\u6211\u5728\u5251\u6865\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6211\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u7531 Vernon Ingram \u4e3b\u8bb2\u7684\u8840\u7ea2\u86cb\u767d\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6f14\u8bb2\u6df1\u6df1\u7684\u5f15\u53d1\u6211\u7684\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u8ba9\u6211\u7814\u7a76\u8840\u7ea2\u7d20\u5982\u4f55\u63a7\u5236\u8840\u7ea2\u86cb\u767d\u5408\u6210\uff0c\u8fd9\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e5f\u662f Ingram \u7814\u7a76\u7684\u9886\u57df\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u6211\u4e5f\u5f88\u5e78\u8fd0\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u7684\u5bfc\u5e08 Asher Korner \u9f13\u52b1\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u627e\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u505a\u81ea\u5df1\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u9898\u76ee\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u642d\u6863 Louis Reichardt \u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u672c\u79d1\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b66\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u5236\u4f5c\u5154\u7f51\u7ec7\u7ea2\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u505a\u8840\u7ea2\u86cb\u767d\u5408\u6210\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u8fd9\u771f\u7684\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\uff0cHunt <\/strong>\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u4f60\u770b\u5f85\u81ea\u5df1\u804c\u6daf\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u8fd8\u6709\u4f60\u4e00\u8def\u4e0a\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u7528\u5b66\u4e60\u5230\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u6211\u60f3\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u6210\u529f\u8005\u90fd\u7ecf\u5386\u540c\u6837\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a\u628a\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u505a\u5bf9\uff0c\u72af\u4e00\u4e9b\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u5e76\u5373\u5174\u53d1\u6325\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5f53\u4f60\u8bf4\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u505a\u65b0\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u8ddf\u9009\u62e9\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u6709\u5173\u4e86\uff0c\u5728\u5bfb\u627e\u5408\u9002\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6311\u6218\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\u6211\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u96be\uff0c\u800c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u6ca1\u6cd5\u603b\u662f\u9760\u8fd0\u6c14\u3002\u591a\u5e74\u6765\u6211\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u6700\u96be\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8981\u627e\u5230\uff08a\uff09\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3001\uff08b\uff09\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3001\uff08c\uff09\u4eba\u4eec\u4f1a\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u77e5\u9053\u7b54\u6848\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u548c\uff08d\uff09\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u771f\u7684\u5f88\u96be\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u6ce8\u610f\u65f6\u7a0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u591c\u4e4b\u95f4\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u5c0f\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\u4f1a\u6c38\u8fdc\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u6bd4\u4f60\u7684\u751f\u547d\u8fd8\u957f\u3002\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f60\u5e0c\u671b\u6709\u5927\u4e00\u70b9\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u5728 3 \u81f3 5 \u5e74\u7684\u57fa\u91d1\u7533\u8bf7\u5468\u671f\u5185\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u5728 1968 \u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u5168\u804c\u7814\u7a76\u8840\u7ea2\u7d20\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728 1975 \u5e74\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u524d\u540e\u505a\u4e86 7 \u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6709\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
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